Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Sen Chen et al.
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on liquid metal toxicology and biocompatibility, focusing on Ga and Bi-based liquid metals. It discusses the challenges and suggests further investigation to clarify toxicological mechanisms and strategies to avoid adverse effects. The review aims to promote the healthy and sustainable development of liquid metal-based materials, particularly in healthcare applications.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Applied
Sen Chen et al.
Summary: Flexible electronics is a highly promising technology today, attracting significant attention from academia and industry. Liquid metals, which combine fluidity with electrical conductivity, are excellent materials for flexible electronics. This review provides a comprehensive summary and interpretation of the progress in liquid metal flexible electronics, aiming to promote further advancement in this field.
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Alexandra Dobosz et al.
Summary: This research investigates the microstructure and chemical composition of Al2O3 oxide layers obtained by exfoliation from liquid metals, and their deposition on different substrates. The contact angle between the alloys and substrates was measured using the static sessile drop method, and the layers were characterized using AFM and TEM. The nanometric oxide layers consist of alpha-Al2O3 nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous oxide layer, with nanodroplets of metallic gallium, showing potential for use in gas sensors.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuting Liang et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the preparation of flexible and intelligent liquid metal fibers with high conductivity. These fibers can be used in intelligent wearable fabrics and sensor fields, providing high-performance strain sensing and bending detection capabilities.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shuting Liang et al.
Summary: A novel laser engraving micro-fabrication technology was introduced for personalized patterns of liquid metal (LM) electronic circuits. The experimental results showed that the technology could fabricate precise patterned circuits and had prospects in the manufacture of flexible electronic equipment, including sensor devices for heart rate detection.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xianfei Zhang et al.
Summary: This study explores the synthesis of highly electrostatically polarized two-dimensional aluminum hydroxides as adsorption sites for various divalent cations. By changing synthesis conditions, different orientations of 2D Al/NiCo-LDO nanoplatelets can be achieved, resulting in excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. The results demonstrate the tunable and excellent electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities of the developed 2D AI/NiCo-LDOs for potential applications in electromagnetic protection and absorption.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Guolin Yun et al.
Summary: Conductive elastic composites are increasingly used in flexible sensors, wearable devices, and stretchable electronics. A study shows that a composite material with spike-shaped nickel microparticles and liquid metal microdroplets has a unique strain response, increasing electrical conductivity sharply under compressive and tensile loads. This composite material offers extremely high stretchability and pressure sensitivity, making it ideal for tactile sensing and mechanical responsiveness.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yumeng Xin et al.
Summary: This study reports electrically driven stiffness-changing materials based on supercooled liquid metals, which can achieve stable and reversible stiffness change with significant modulus differences, and complete the hardness transition within seconds. Unlike previously reported materials, this material can maintain rigidity after the stimulus is removed.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guangyong Li et al.
Summary: The article introduces a new method for preparing LM wires and applying them to achieve stretchable conductors and capacitors with high stretchability and precision. In addition, the proposed wearable devices and biomedical sensors offer potential assistance and applications in the healthcare field.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yifang Wang et al.
Summary: The method presented in the study utilizes liquid metal-based technology to achieve room temperature deposition and patterning of MoO2, providing a new way of fabrication. Through laser writing technique, electrically conductive MoO2 patterns can be obtained on desired substrates. The electrical conductivity and plasmonic properties of MoO2 are analyzed and demonstrated.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Meng Wang et al.
Summary: This paper introduces a simple, fast, and green flexible electronics preparation technology, which uses stencil printing method to pattern liquid metal on thermoplastic polyurethane membrane prepared by electrospinning, and can prepare flexible circuit devices with good performance.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mahroo Baharfar et al.
Summary: The study demonstrated the interfacial interaction between liquid metals and graphene oxide, leading to the development of LM-rGO composite for selective dopamine sensing. The compatibility of LM-rGO with low-cost commercial technologies was shown, and the observed interfacial interaction and electrochemical performance of LM-rGO will result in effective functional materials and electrode modifiers.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Biao Ma et al.
Summary: This study presents a fully soft actuator with sensing, actuation, and control capabilities, achieved by utilizing the mechanosensing and electrothermal properties of liquid metal to drive thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomer. The design of LM circuits enables biomimetic autonomous actuation in response to mechanical stimuli, and the stretchability of LM allows for the creation of complex actuators.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yongyu Lu et al.
Summary: Inspired by nature, a new method is proposed to prepare liquid metal-based magnetic suspensions (LMMSs) by introducing polydopamine to reduce and immobilize silver shells on the surface of iron particles. This LMMS shows improved electrical and thermal conductivities compared to directly mixing bare iron particles with liquid metal. The magnetism of the LMMS remains intact for at least 60 days, and it has potential applications in patterning and magnetic manipulation.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Selvaraj Veerapandian et al.
Summary: This study introduces hydrogen doping to increase the conductivity of liquid metal particles, allowing for the printing of metallic and stretchable circuit lines. The printed lines exhibit excellent mechanical properties and long-term stability, making them suitable for use in various electronic applications.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jianbo Tang et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the emergence of highly ordered nanopatterns on the alloy surfaces during solidification in the Bi-Ga alloy system. The pattern-formation mechanisms involving surface-catalyzed heterogeneous nucleation were elucidated through a combination of experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The dynamic nature and robustness of the phenomenon under different solidification conditions and for various alloy systems were further demonstrated, showing promising potential for surface- and nanoscale-based applications.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jianyu Xu et al.
Summary: A printable and recyclable ink composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and liquid metal (PVA-LM) was developed to enhance surface wettability and compatibility for diverse substrates. The ink showed excellent conductivity, making it suitable for designing alarm systems and object locators, and the flexible sensors produced with this ink have high sensitivity and stable signal generation capabilities. The study paves the way for environmentally friendly flexible devices of the next generation.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Qiangbing Wei et al.
Summary: Micro/nanodroplets of the liquid metal eutectic Ga-In alloy (EGaIn) were used in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with low ppm loading of Cu catalysts in organic solvents, producing well-defined polymers with dispersity <1.1. EGaIn droplets reduced Cu-II complexes to Cu-I complexes, acting as ATRP activators without the need for external forces.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhijun Ma et al.
Summary: A new type of stretchable conductor, liquid-metal fiber mat, has been developed with high permeability, stretchability, conductivity, and electrical stability, as well as good biocompatibility and adaptiveness to omnidirectional stretching. The liquid metal self-organizes into mesh-like and buckled structures on an electrospun elastomeric fiber mat, allowing for the realization of highly permeable and multifunctional monolithic stretchable electronics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gideon Livshits et al.
Summary: The study combines pressurized fountain pen lithography with glass nanopipettes to pattern liquid metals directly on hard substrates, providing a new possibility for the fabrication of flexible electronic devices.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Narayanan Raman et al.
Summary: This study investigated the use of supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS) of Pt in Ga for propane dehydrogenation in the 500 to 600 degrees C temperature range. The synthesis procedure using ultrasonication was compared to a previously reported organo-chemical route for gallium deposition. The SCALMS catalysts showed varying performance on different support materials, with SiC-based SCALMS demonstrating the highest activity and SiO2-based SCALMS exhibiting the highest stability and lowest cracking tendency at elevated temperatures.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xuan Zhang et al.
Summary: A self-powered compressible and stretchable magnetoelectric sensor for respiratory monitoring has been developed, demonstrating high sensitivity, fast response, and long-term stability. This sensor can be used for noninvasive, miniaturized, and portable respiratory monitoring, aiming to warn for potential health risks.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jianye Gao et al.
Summary: Through a new method of preparing liquid metal foams, liquid metal foams with porous structures and adjustable properties were achieved, showing higher efficiency and performance in hydrogen production in water and battery manufacturing.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shiyu Wang et al.
Summary: The rotary flow shearing (RFS) method allows for the efficient production of shaped NLMs with multifunctional and structural advantages, which can be used for novel micromotors and soft electronics.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shib Shankar Banerjee et al.
Summary: This study presents a novel method to prepare liquid metal-embedded soft elastomeric composites, showing significant improvements in mechanical properties and enhanced thermal and dielectric performance.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ningjing Zhou et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the fabrication of an elastic conductive wire using liquid metal and porous thermoplastic elastomer, which exhibits improved stretchability and electrical stability. The wire shows potential applications in electronic devices under large strains, such as light-emitting diodes and audio playing setups, and also in fields like strain sensing and magnetic field detection.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yumeng Xin et al.
Summary: Flexible electronic devices have become prevalent in various industries such as consumer electronics, automotive, and medical sectors, requiring better properties of stretchable conductive composites. Liquid metals were successfully incorporated into microporous polymer matrixes using a simple approach, demonstrating excellent stability of the electrical properties and potential applications in next generation sensors.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Takashi Sato et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates a method utilizing gallium-based liquid metals to reduce contact resistivity between electronic components and copper electrodes, providing new opportunities for the development of stretchable electronics.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuting Liang et al.
Summary: This study proposed a liquid metal/metal oxide core-shell composite multi-metal catalyst and demonstrated its effectiveness in photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminated raw liquor. By exploring the effects of different metal species on the rate of catalytic degradation, it was found that the Ni-LM catalyst exhibited high degradation performance.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhanlong Wang et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the spontaneous and steady rotation of droplets by using an acid droplet and liquid metal. The phenomenon originates from the fluctuation of the droplet boundary and the movement of bubbles generated by chemical reactions. The rotation is simpler to implement, more steady, and has a higher angular velocity compared to other mechanisms.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fanran Meng et al.
Summary: The study introduces a liquid metal-modified nanoporous SiGe alloy that can effectively address the volume change and surface issues of alloy anodes during cycling, demonstrating good lithium storage performance and self-healing properties.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Taehwan Lim et al.
Summary: A nanomaterial electrochemical deposition method was developed to prevent oxidation, improve biostability, and enhance the electrochemical properties of liquid metals in physiological buffer. The nanocomposite multilayer on the liquid metals showed excellent biostability and substrate adhesion, confirmed by long-term aging tests and repeated bending. The liquid metal-based biosensor demonstrated competitive sensitivity and LOD for dopamine sensing and displayed good detection selectivity under various metabolic byproducts, with fast responsiveness and high sensitivity demonstrated in a fast-scan cyclic voltammetry test.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wu Wang et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the fabrication of a liquid metal-based shape memory material by integrating liquid metal, polydimethylsiloxane, and polyurethane foam, which enables ultra-sensitive fire warning responses with a low trigger temperature and fast response time.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yong Xu et al.
Summary: The authors propose a strategy of convergent synthesis to create biomimetic electroconductive liquid metal hydrogels. These hydrogels have self-healing and shear-thinning properties, allowing for 3D printing and minimally invasive injection for in vivo experiments. This approach combines materials of different natures to generate matrices with high adhesive strength, enhanced electroconductivity, good cytocompatibility in vitro, and high biocompatibility in vivo.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qing Liu et al.
Summary: Researchers have developed LM Janus micromotors using Gallium- and indium-based liquid metal to address the biotoxicity and biocompatibility issues in potential biomedical applications. They found that the choice of sputtering materials on the metallic surface affects the motors' performance, with self-electrophoresis resulting in faster movement than self-diffusiophoresis. The ability to switch driving mechanisms allows for adaptation to different biochemical application scenarios.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shanliangzi Liu et al.
Summary: This study presents a double emulsion ink of ethanol/polydimethylsiloxane/liquid metal for rapid printing of highly conductive and mechanically robust metal conductors. By leveraging direct laser writing, high-resolution electrically conductive pathways can be formed for stretchable electronic circuits.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Priyanuj Bhuyan et al.
Summary: Shape memory composites can recover deformed shapes when triggered by external stimuli by incorporating phase-change materials within elastomers. Microchannels filled with solidified metal can control filler geometry and restore conductivity, providing potential applications in stretchable electronics and soft robotics.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hongda Lu et al.
Summary: A team of researchers has developed liquid metal smart feet (LMSF) that allow versatile actuation of soft crawling robots on wet slippery surfaces. By adjusting the liquid metal interface, the robots can move along arbitrary directions, demonstrating the versatility and reliability of the technology.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Francois-Marie Allioux et al.
Summary: A highly accurate nanometric three-dimensional pulling and stretching method has been introduced to fabricate liquid-metal-based nanotips, allowing for control of different tip morphologies and lengths based on the composition of the liquid metal alloy and pulling parameters. The obtained nanotips exhibit high aspect ratios and are confined within nanotips with about 10 nm apexes when vertically pulled at 100 nm/s. The electrical contact at the nanotips shows Ohmic resistance and controllable semiconductor behavior, allowing for the development of electronic and sensing devices.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zixing Zou et al.
Summary: Controlled growth of vertical GaSe/MoS2 p-n heterojunctions was achieved via liquid gallium-assisted chemical vapor deposition method, showing prominent photovoltaic effects with high responsivity and fast response speed upon light illumination. This strategy provides an effective method for controllable synthesis of vdW heterostructures in high-performance optoelectronic device applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dandan Xu et al.
Summary: The study proposes enzyme-powered liquid metal nanobots with multiple therapeutic functions and imaging signals. These nanobots exhibit positive chemotaxis along a concentration gradient of urea and achieve synergistic antibacterial treatment through both photothermal and chemotherapeutic effects.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fabiyan Angikath et al.
Summary: This study explores a novel approach to hydrogen production from complex hydrocarbon fuels through pyrolysis. The main features influencing hydrogen yield were found to be the H/C ratio and cyclic/aromatic content.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Stephan Handschuh-Wang et al.
Summary: Gallium-based liquid metals have unique properties such as high surface tension, density anomaly, high electrical and thermal conductivity. Despite numerous reports on the physical properties of gallium-based liquid metals, there is significant scatter and inconsistency among the findings. It is necessary to compile literature data, identify general relationships, and address inconsistencies to provide science-based values for researchers.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aleksandra S. Falchevskaya et al.
Summary: Active control of metallic particles' optical properties for nonlinear nanophotonics and compact optoelectronic devices is promising. Reversible/irreversible shape modulation of liquid metal microparticles allows for dynamic tuning of color and brightness, with composition and morphology affecting the tuning effects.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Iwei Wang et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of molten metals, such as bismuth, indium, and tin, as modifiers for iron-based redox catalysts in chemical looping-based hydrogen production. The research shows that bismuth modification improves both the surface and bulk properties of iron oxides, leading to enhanced anti-coking properties and redox activity. Additionally, doping a small amount of bismuth into the iron oxide structure effectively enhances its redox properties, as confirmed by experimental results and density functional theory calculations.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yi-Chiang Sun et al.
Summary: A hybrid process combining stencil lithography and centrifugal force has been developed for the fabrication of stretchable conductors using liquid metals. This technique enables the creation of micrometer scale liquid metal patterns on elastomeric substrates, overcoming limitations of existing manufacturing techniques. The approach shows promise for flexible and biodegradable substrates, demonstrating potential for in vivo transient microsystem engineering.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Osman Gul et al.
Summary: This study introduces a sensitivity-engineerable, reliable liquid-metal-based pressure sensor with rigid microbump structures, where embedded bump (E-bump) enhances sensor sensitivity and anchored bump (A-bump) achieves a robust interconnection. Using multimaterial 3D printing technology, the sensor's average sensitivity was increased 5.43 times with E-bump integration and decreased 91.65 times with A-bump integration compared to sensors without microbumps, demonstrating the potential for multifunctional wearable electronic applications.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mengqi Zeng et al.
Summary: Liquid metal, with unique properties like self-limited growth and good rheological properties, shows great potential in the controllable fabrication of 2D materials and functional composite materials. The research on advanced materials manufacturing on liquid metals is still in its infancy, but offers promising prospects for various applications in energy field and beyond.
ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiaxue Zhang et al.
Summary: This study successfully developed a facile method to deposit smooth and uniform liquid metal films over large-area elastomeric substrates as stretchable reflective electrodes, enhancing the light emission of stretchable optoelectronic devices.
ACS MATERIALS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Franco Centurion et al.
Summary: Liquid metal gallium-based catalysts promote the oxidative self-polymerization of natural polyphenols, resulting in nanocoatings with high reaction kinetics and excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This innovative approach using LM addresses limitations of existing coating methods and has potential applications in various industries and biomedicine.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guyue Bo et al.
Summary: A series of core-shell eutectic gallium-indium-tin liquid metal nanodroplets with different diameters were successfully synthesized and used as soft conductive filler microparticles for fabricating ACAs, presenting satisfactory anisotropic conductivity for interconnecting small-scale electronic circuits. Highly durable anisotropic electrical performance was maintained in flexible packed devices, even under bending or twisting operation modes.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sen Chen et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianbo Tang et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
