Role of hepatic deiodinases in thyroid hormone homeostasis and liver metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis

Thyroid hormones play an essential role in regulating whole-body homeostasis. Deiodinases are known to convert thyroid hormone from the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to the bioactive hormone tri-iodothyronine (T3) and convert both T4 and T3 toward their inactive metabolites 3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine (rT3) and 3,3'-di-iodothyronine (3,3'-T2). Deiodinases are thus important for the regulation of intracellular thyroid hormone concentrations. This is known to be crucial both during development and adult life in regulating thyroid hormone-related gene transcription. This review discusses the importance of liver deiodinases in determining serum and liver thyroid hormone concentrations, liver metabolism and liver disease.

Automated summary

Thyroid hormones are crucial for maintaining bodily balance, and deiodinases play a vital role in regulating their concentration. Deiodinases convert thyroid hormone from its inactive form T4 to the active hormone T3, as well as convert them to their inactive metabolites rT3 and 3,3'-T2. This review focuses on the significance of liver deiodinases in determining thyroid hormone concentrations, liver metabolism, and liver disease.