Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 6, Issue 61, Pages 55809-55818Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12169a
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41571301]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [0400219270]
- International S&T Cooperation Program [2014DFA91650]
- National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China [2012AA063608-03]
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In this study, nutrients in wastewater were simultaneously removed by magnesium modified zeolite, and the precipitates of the nutrient recovery process were applied as a kind of amendment to achieve copper and lead immobilization in contaminated soil. Mg2+ released from MgCl2 modified zeolite (Zeo-Mg) in the nutrient recovery process was considered as the magnesium source for struvite crystallization. The optimal efficiencies of nutrient recovery using Zeo-Mg were obtained at pH 9. When the dosage and reaction time were separately controlled at 10 g L-1 and 180 min, the ammonia nitrogen (AN) and phosphate removal efficiencies reached 61.22% and 94.73%, respectively. The high simultaneous nutrient removal efficiencies were attributed to cooperation of Zeo-Mg adsorption and struvite formation. The recovery precipitates, zeolite and MAP (Zeo/MAP), were evidenced as a suitable amendment for both Cu and lead immobilization in soil. At a dosage of 5 g amendment per 50 g soil, the available concentrations of Cu and Pb separately reduced to 278.88 mg kg(-1) and 168.36 mg kg(-1) under 21 day treatment. On further increase in immobilization time, the available concentrations of Cu and Pb reached a relatively steady state. The acid soluble species of Cu and Pb transformed to more inert reducible and residual species and showed that Cu and Pb were successfully immobilized by Zeo/MAP. According to the experiments and characterization results, zeolite adsorption and phosphate formation were the major immobilization mechanisms of Cu and Pb in contaminated soil.
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