Degradation of Rhodamine dyes by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) - Focus on cavitation and photocatalysis - A critical review

This review evaluates selected advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) - cavitation and photocatalysis - successfully used for wastewater treatment towards degradation of Rhodamine (Rh) dyes. Reactor configuration and impact of process parameters and oxidants addition (hydrogen peroxide, ozone, persulfates) on degradation effectiveness along with degradation mechanisms are discussed. Best technologies provide 100% degradation within 10-30 min. Rhodamine B is effectively degraded in highly acidic conditions (pH 2), while Rhodamine 6G requires basic conditions (pH 10). The most effective oxidants were hydrogen peroxide and ozone. Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) revealed acute toxicities of the intermediates and byproducts of the Rh dye.

Automated summary

This article evaluates the successful application of selected advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) - cavitation and photocatalysis - in wastewater treatment for the degradation of Rhodamine dyes. The study discusses reactor configuration, process parameters, and the effects of oxidants addition (hydrogen peroxide, ozone, persulfates) on degradation effectiveness as well as the degradation mechanisms. The best technologies achieve 100% degradation within 10-30 minutes. Rhodamine B is effectively degraded under highly acidic conditions (pH 2), while Rhodamine 6G requires basic conditions (pH 10). Hydrogen peroxide and ozone are the most effective oxidants. Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) revealed acute toxicities of the intermediates and byproducts of the Rh dye.