Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 6, Issue 28, Pages 23968-23973Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27084g
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Funding
- NIE AcRF by National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore [RI 7/11, RI 6/14]
- Ministry of Education [RG98/15]
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Vertical standing graphene sheets are highly desirable in energy storage applications because without p-p stacking their surface can be fully utilized. In this work, vertical graphene nanosheets (VGS) are successfully synthesized on nickel foam via a simple plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. Instead of hazardous and costly hydrocarbon gases, we adopt a green approach by using a low-cost, non-toxic, sustainable and environmentally-friendly natural organic material, M. alternifolia essential oil (containing a hydrocarbon monomer), as the precursor. The 4 minute deposition duration results in multilayered horizontal graphene (h-GS) with sparsely distributed vertical graphene while 16 minute deposition leads to fully covered vertical graphene nanosheets (f-VGS). To demonstrate their application as a conductive and high-surface-area substrate in energy storage, MnO2 thin films are hydrothermal grown to form MnO2@f-VGS core-shell structure and MnO2@h-GS. The core@shell electrode of MnO2@f-VGS demonstrates a significantly higher specific capacitance of 203 F g(-1) at a current density of 10 A g(-1) compared to that of 82 F g(-1) at 10 A g(-1) shown by MnO2@h-GS. Moreover, the assembled full supercapacitors containing MnO2@f-VGS parallel to active carbon as electrodes can deliver a reasonably high specific capacitance of 250 F g(-1) at 2 A g(-1). Such f-VGS may have application also in battery and fuel cell electrodes.
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