Journal
ONCOTARGET
Volume 7, Issue 29, Pages 46371-46383Publisher
IMPACT JOURNALS LLC
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10131
Keywords
leukemia; ASCT2; LAT1; glycosylation; metabolism
Categories
Funding
- Fonds national de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS)
- Belgian Foundation against cancer
- J. Maisin Foundation
- interuniversity attraction pole (IUAP) research program from the Belgian Science Policy Office (Belspo) [UP7-03]
- Action de Recherche Concertee [ARC 14/19]
- FNRS-Televie
- UCLouvain Patrimoine
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Leukemia cells are highly dependent on glucose and glutamine as bioenergetic and biosynthetic fuels. Inhibition of the metabolism of glucose but also of glutamine is thus proposed as a therapeutic modality to block leukemia cell growth. Since glucose also supports protein glycosylation, we wondered whether part of the growth inhibitory effects resulting from glycolysis inhibition could indirectly result from a defect in glycosylation of glutamine transporters. We found that ASCT2/SLC1A5, a major glutamine transporter, was indeed deglycosylated upon glucose deprivation and 2-deoxyglucose exposure in HL-60 and K-562 leukemia cells. Inhibition of glycosylation by these modalities as well as by the bona fide glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin however marginally influenced glutamine transport and did not impact on ASCT2 subcellular location. This work eventually unraveled the dispensability of ASCT2 to support HL-60 and K-562 leukemia cell growth and identified the upregulation of the neutral amino acid antiporter LAT1/SLC7A5 as a mechanism counteracting the inhibition of glycosylation. Pharmacological inhibition of LAT1 increased the growth inhibitory effects and the inactivation of the mTOR pathway resulting from glycosylation defects, an effect further emphasized during the regrowth period post-treatment with tunicamycin. In conclusion, this study points towards the underestimated impact of glycosylation inhibition in the interpretation of metabolic alterations resulting from glycolysis inhibition, and identifies LAT1 as a therapeutic target to prevent compensatory mechanisms induced by alterations in the glycosylating process.
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