Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/nu9010023
Keywords
lean mass; healthy and clinical populations; Caucasian; protein needs; protein intake-body composition relationship
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [DFG Mu 714/8-1-3, DFG Bo 3296/1-1, BMBF 0312823A, 01EA1336, 01GI1121A, 01GI1125, 01GI0821]
- Seca GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany [BCA-01]
- B Braun Melsungen, Melsungen, Germany
- GTx, Inc.
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Current body weight-based protein recommendations are ignoring the large variability in body composition, particularly lean mass (LM), which drives protein requirements. We explored and highlighted the inter-individual variability of weight versus body composition-adjusted protein intakes by secondary analysis in three cohorts of (1) 574 healthy adults (mean +/- SD age: 41.4 +/- 15.2 years); (2) 403 cirrhotic patients (age: 44.7 +/- 12.3 years) and (3) 547 patients with lung cancer (age: 61.3 +/- 8.2 years). LM was assessed using different devices (magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computer tomography, total body potassium and bioelectrical impedance), body weight-based protein intake, its ratio (per kg LM) and mean protein requirement were calculated. Variability in protein intake in all cohorts ranged from 0.83 to 1.77 g protein per kg LM per day using (theoretical protein intake of 60 g protein per day). Calculated mean protein requirement was 1.63 g protein per kg LM per day; consequently, 95.3% of healthy subjects, 100% of cirrhotic and 97.4% of cancer patients would present with a low protein intake per kg LM. Weight-adjusted recommendations are inadequate to address the LM specific differences in protein needs of healthy subjects or clinical populations. Absolute protein intake seems to be more relevant compared to the relative proportion of protein, which in turn changes with different energy needs.
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