Journal
MATERIALS
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma9040235
Keywords
organic photovoltaic; vanadium oxide; thermal stability; solution processing; photoelectron spectroscopy
Categories
Funding
- UK EPSRC [EP/I02864/1, EP/I032541/1]
- Saudi Cultural Bureau in London, UK
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I032541/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/I032541/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Low-temperature solution-processable vanadium oxide (V2Ox) thin films have been employed as hole extraction layers (HELs) in polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. V2Ox films were fabricated in air by spin-coating vanadium(V) oxytriisopropoxide (s-V2Ox) at room temperature without the need for further thermal annealing. The deposited vanadium(V) oxytriisopropoxide film undergoes hydrolysis in air, converting to V2Ox with optical and electronic properties comparable to vacuum-deposited V2O5. When s-V2Ox thin films were annealed in air at temperatures of 100 degrees C and 200 degrees C, OPV devices showed similar results with good thermal stability and better light transparency. Annealing at 300 degrees C and 400 degrees C resulted in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5% with a decrement approximately 15% lower than that of unannealed films; this is due to the relative decrease in the shunt resistance (R-sh) and an increase in the series resistance (R-s) related to changes in the oxidation state of vanadium.
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