Journal
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 206-+Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002436
Keywords
coronary heart disease risk; epidemiology; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; triglycerides
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HL094980]
- Veterans Affairs Merit Award
- Training Grant NIH [HL007751]
- NIH [GM103534, HL106845, HL057986]
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Background-Although the inverse association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been long established, it remains unclear whether low HDL-C remains a CVD risk factor when levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) are not elevated. This is a timely issue because recent studies have questioned whether HDL-C is truly an independent predictor of CVD. Methods and Results-3590 men and women from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort without known CVD were followed between 1987 and 2011. Low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women) was defined as isolated if TG and LDL-C were both low (<100 mg/dL). We also examined higher thresholds for TG (150 mg/dL) and LDL-C (130 mg/dL) and compared low versus high HDL-C phenotypes using logistic regression analysis to assess association with CVD. Compared with isolated low HDL-C, CVD risks were higher when low HDL-C was accompanied by LDL-C >= 100 mg/dL and TG <100 mg/dL (odds ratio 1.3 [1.0, 1.6]), TG >= 100 mg/dL and LDL-C <100 mg/dL (odds ratio 1.3 [1.1, 1.5]), or TG and LDL-C >= 100 mg/dL (odds ratio 1.6, [1.2, 2.2]), after adjustment for covariates. When low HDL-C was analyzed with higher thresholds for TG (>= 150 mg/dL) and LDL-C (>= 130 mg/dL), results were essentially the same. In contrast, compared with isolated low HDL-C, high HDL-C was associated with 20% to 40% lower CVD risk except when TG and LDL-C were elevated. Conclusions-CVD risk as a function of HDL-C phenotypes is modulated by other components of the lipid panel.
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