Journal
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 6, Issue 22, Pages 8129-8137Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01771a
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Funding
- National Science Centre of Poland [UMO-2012/06/M/ST8/00030, UMO-2013/09/B/ST8/02420]
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A range of Lewis acidic metal chlorides were tested as homogeneous catalysts in a model Diels-Alder reaction; AlCl3 and GaCl3 performed best in terms of conversion and endo: exo selectivity. Based on this outcome, the corresponding chlorometallate(III) ionic liquids were tested as homogeneous catalysts, without a decrease in performance compared to the chlorides. Finally, these ionic liquids were heterogenised by covalent tethering of the cation onto a multimodal porous silica support; such supported chlorogallate(III) ionic liquids are reported for the first time. Supported chlorometallate(III) ionic liquids were used as recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for the Diels-Alder reaction under solventless conditions. High yields (99%) and high endo-selectivities (95%) were obtained after very short reaction times (5 min) at near-ambient temperature (25 degrees C).
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