Journal
ACS CATALYSIS
Volume 6, Issue 8, Pages 5012-5025Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01386
Keywords
chromium; salophen; cyclic carbonate; epoxide; carbon dioxide
Categories
Funding
- European Union [309497]
- EPSRC [EP/L505122]
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain [CTQ2014-51912-REDC, CTQ2014-52899-R]
- Plan Propio de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
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The combination of a chromium(III) salophen bromide complex and tetrabutylammonium bromide is shown to catalyze the reaction between terminal epoxides and carbon dioxide at ambient temperature and 1 bar carbon dioxide pressure and between internal epoxides and carbon dioxide at 80 degrees C and 10 bar carbon dioxide pressure to form cyclic carbonates. The optimal conditions involve the use of 1.5-2.5 mol % of both the chromium(III) salophen bromide complex and tetrabutylammonium bromide and result in the formation of cyclic carbonates in 57-92% isolated yields after a reaction time of 24 h. Under these conditions, no polycarbonate formation is observed except when cyclohexene oxide is used as substrate. The reactions were found to proceed with retention of epoxide stereochemistry. A study of the reaction kinetics revealed that the chromium(III) complex and tetrabutylammonium bromide react together to form a six-coordinate anionic chromium complex which is the actual catalyst, and a catalytic cycle is proposed which explains the experimentally observed results.
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