4.8 Article

Mutation allele burden remains unchanged in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia responding to hypomethylating agents

Journal

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10767

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (equipe labellisee)
  2. Institut National du Cancer (INCa PLBIO, SIRIC SOCRATE)
  3. Institut National du Cancer
  4. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Molecular Medicine in Oncology) - Investissements d'avenir
  5. Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale [FDT20140931007]
  6. Direction Generale de l'Offre de Soins [PHRC-K 2011-182]
  7. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Paris Alliance Cancer Research Institute: France Genomique National program) - Investissements d'avenir

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The cytidine analogues azacytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) are commonly used to treat myelodysplastic syndromes, with or without a myeloproliferative component. It remains unclear whether the response to these hypomethylating agents results from a cytotoxic or an epigenetic effect. In this study, we address this question in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. We describe a comprehensive analysis of the mutational landscape of these tumours, combining whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing. We identify an average of 14 +/- 5 somatic mutations in coding sequences of sorted monocyte DNA and the signatures of three mutational processes. Serial sequencing demonstrates that the response to hypomethylating agents is associated with changes in DNA methylation and gene expression, without any decrease in the mutation allele burden, nor prevention of new genetic alteration occurence. Our findings indicate that cytosine analogues restore a balanced haematopoiesis without decreasing the size of the mutated clone, arguing for a predominantly epigenetic effect.

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