Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10535
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Funding
- NSF [1353553]
- NIH [R01-AI103369]
- Chinese Scholarship Council
- NDSEG
- NSF IGERT programme [0801530]
- Directorate For Engineering [1202488] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1353553] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI103369] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Monitoring spatial distribution of metabolites in multicellular structures can enhance understanding of the biochemical processes and regulation involved in cellular community development. Here we report on an electrochemical camera chip capable of simultaneous spatial imaging of multiple redox-active phenazine metabolites produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 colony biofilms. The chip features an 8mm x 8mm array of 1,824 electrodes multiplexed to 38 parallel output channels. Using this chip, we demonstrate potential-sweep-based electrochemical imaging of whole-biofilms at measurement rates in excess of 0.2 s per electrode. Analysis of mutants with various capacities for phenazine production reveals distribution of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) throughout the colony, with 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5-MCA) and pyocyanin (PYO) localized to the colony edge. Anaerobic growth on nitrate confirms the O-2-dependence of PYO production and indicates an effect of O-2 availability on 5-MCA synthesis. This integrated-circuit-based technique promises wide applicability in detecting redox-active species from diverse biological samples.
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