Determinants of diet quality among rural households in an intervention zone of Grande Anse, Haiti

In Haiti, nutrient deficiencies and stunting are major public health concerns. These health problems are caused by poor access and consumption of nutrient-rich foods, among other factors. The aim of this study was to assess the diet quality of rural Haitian households and identify its socioeconomic determinants. In August-September 2012, female caregivers from 529 rural households from the Department of Grande Anse participated in a cross-sectional survey. Collected data included household food production activities and socioeconomic characteristics. Diet quality was assessed using the Household Dietary Diversity Score. Its determinants were identified using multiple linear regression analyses. Results revealed that many households consumed oil/fats, condiments/beverages/spices, roots/tubers, and cereals, whereas few households consumed animal-based foods such as meats/organs, dairy products and eggs. Among household-level determinants, the number of adults per household, land ownership, practice of livestock rearing, number of meals consumed by children, use of latrines and accessibility of the dwelling location perceived as difficult were all associated with higher household dietary diversity. Among individual-level variables, respondent participation in petty commerce and practice of agriculture as main occupation, in addition to increased level of education were positively associated with household dietary diversity. In sum, determinants of diet quality were multidimensional and were associated with various factors including socio-economic status, household demographics, and physical environment. Moreover, diet quality is concurrently linked with household- and individual-level determinants. This highlights the need for multisectoral and multilevel interventions to improve household diet quality in Haiti.