Journal
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages 1318-1337Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.001
Keywords
cardiac computed tomography angiography; echocardiography; mitral annular calcification; transcatheter mitral valve implantation
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Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a chronic degenerative process associated with advanced age and conditions predisposing to left ventricular hypertrophy. Assessment of mitral valve disease in patients with severe MAC can be a challenge. When severe MAC results in mitral stenosis or regurgitation, multimodality imaging with 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography angiography can delineate the severity and pathoanatomic features to help guide therapeutic strategies. New approaches using computer-assisted simulation of transcatheter valves and novel percutaneous and surgical techniques are being used to devise effective alternative strategies to conventional mitral valve replacement in this high-risk group of patients. (C) 2016 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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