The use of cottonseed meal as a protein source for poultry: an updated review

Cottonseed meal (CSM) is a by-product of the oil industry, i.e. oil extraction from cotton seeds. It is a rich source of protein (30 to 50% dry matter), characterised by a high concentration of amino acids. However, a relatively low concentration of lysine restricts the quality of protein in CSM. Its use as a feed material in poultry nutrition is limited mainly by free gossypol presence, as well as high variability in nutrient concentration. Gossypol is a polyphenolic compound reducing protein digestibility by inhibition of pepsin and trypsin activity in the intestine and binding iron in the diet. High dietary levels of CSM can negatively affect growth performance and egg production and quality. Dietary treatments including increased iron and lysine supplementation can increase the usefulness of CSM in poultry nutrition by alleviating the toxic effect of gossypol. The results of recent experiments on the use of CSM meal as a feed material for poultry are discussed in this review article. Based on the results presented, cottonseed meal is an acceptable ingredient of poultry diets and could be safely fed at a 10-15% dietary level, partially replacing - in a cost effective way - soybean meal.