Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 37, Pages 8247-8256Publisher
BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8247
Keywords
Homeobox genes; HOX genes; Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2; Gastrointestinal cancers; HOXB7
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Funding
- Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research Foundation Grant
- Korea University Grant [K1512661]
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Homeobox genes, including HOX and non-HOX genes, have been identified to be expressed aberrantly in solid tumors. In gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, most studies have focused on the function of non-HOX genes including caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 1 (CDX1) and CDX2. CDX2 is a crucial factor in the development of pre-cancerous lesions such as Barrett's esophagus or intestinal metaplasia in the stomach, and its tumor suppressive role has been investigated in colorectal cancers. Recently, several HOX genes were reported to have specific roles in GI cancers; for example, HOXA13 in esophageal squamous cell cancer and HOXB7 in stomach and colorectal cancers. HOXD10 is upregulated in colorectal cancer while it is silenced epigenetically in gastric cancer. Thus, it is essential to examine the differential expression pattern of various homeobox genes in specific tumor types or cell lineages, and understand their underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the available research on homeobox genes and present their potential value for the prediction of prognosis in GI cancers.
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