Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages 1745-1755Publisher
BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i5.1745
Keywords
Colorectal cancer; Biomarker; Microsatellite instability; KRAS mutation; BRAF mutation; PIK3CA mutation; Chromosome 18q loss of heterozygosity; Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy; Colorectal cancer biomarkers; Carcinoembryonic antigen
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among females and third among males worldwide. It also contributes significantly to cancer-related deaths, despite the continuous progress in diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Biomarkers currently play an important role in the detection and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Risk stratification for screening might be augmented by finding new biomarkers which alone or as a complement of existing tests might recognize either the predisposition or early stage of the disease. Biomarkers have also the potential to change diagnostic and treatment algorithms by selecting the proper chemotherapeutic drugs across a broad spectrum of patients. There are attempts to personalise chemotherapy based on presence or absence of specific biomarkers. In this review, we update review published last year and describe our understanding of tumour markers and biomarkers role in CRC screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Goal of future research is to identify those biomarkers that could allow a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnosis, as well as to recognise the best prognostic panel and define the predictive biomarkers for available treatments.
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