A Localization Scheme for Underwater Sensor Networks Without Time Synchronization

The underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) exhibit different characteristics from terrestrial WSNs. To make the sensed data meaningful, one of basic task is the localization of sensor nodes. In UWSNs, this is not feasible to use global positioning system due to its issue of propagation. This senses localization as a fundamental as well as sound issue in the UWSNs. In spite of continuous and sincere research effort, the time synchronization between the sensor nodes for their localization is also a tough job. To address these issues, a localization scheme free from the concept of time synchronization for large scale 3D-UWSNs based on dive and rise mobile beacons floating over the sea surface has been proposed in the given paper. The analytical analysis of the proposed scheme is also presented in the paper. In the simulation section, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of coverage and the number of localized nodes. A discussion based on various obtained results is also given in the paper.