Journal
WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
Volume 34, Issue 12, Pages 1249-1257Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0734242X16661053
Keywords
Citrus waste; anaerobic digestion; limonene; inhibition; fungal pretreatment; ethanol extraction; steam distillation
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Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity [PS-120000-2007-6, IAP-560630-2008-14]
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The objective of this study was to assess the limonene removal efficiency of three pre-treatment methods when applied to citrus waste and to evaluate their effects on the biochemical methane potential and the methane production rate using batch anaerobic tests. The methods tested were based on removal (biological pretreatment by fungi) or recovery (steam distillation and ethanol extraction) of limonene. All the treatments decreased the concentration of limonene in orange peel, with average efficiencies of 22%, 44% and 100% for the biological treatment, steam distillation and ethanol extraction, respectively. By-products from limonene biodegradation by fungi exhibited an inhibitory effect also, not making interesting the biological pretreatment. The methane potential and production rate of the treated orange peel increased significantly after applying the recovery strategies, which separated and recovered simultaneously other inhibitory components of the citrus essential oil. Apart from the high recovery efficiency of the ethanol extraction process, it presented a favourable energy balance.
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