Journal
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Volume 52, Issue -, Pages 367-374Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.053
Keywords
Biodiesel; Waste cooking oil; Sulfonated carbon; Carbon microsphere; Xylose
Categories
Funding
- Thailand Research Fund
- National University project, Thammasat University
- Central Scientific Instrument Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University
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The application of an environmentally benign sulfonated carbon microsphere catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil was investigated. This catalyst was prepared by the sequential hydrothermal carbonization and sulfonation of xylose. The morphology, surface area, and acid properties were analyzed. The surface area and acidity of the catalyst were 86 m(2)/g and 1.38 mmol/g, respectively. In addition, the presence of sulfonic acid on the carbon surface was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalytic activity was tested for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil via a two-step reaction to overcome reaction equilibrium. The highest biodiesel yield (89.6%) was obtained at a reaction temperature of 110 degrees C, duration time of 4 h, and catalyst loading of 10 wt% under elevated pressure 2.3 bar and 1.4 bar for first and second step, respectively. The reusability of the catalyst was investigated and showed that the biodiesel yield decreased by 9% with each cycle; however, this catalyst is still of interest because it is an example of green chemistry, is nontoxic, and makes use of xylose waste. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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