Journal
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Volume 47, Issue -, Pages 105-113Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.001
Keywords
Low cost biodiesel; Waste frying oil; Waste animal bones; Hydroxyapatite
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Funding
- VIEP DITCo, BUAP [VIEP 45/NAT/2014]
- CONACyT, Mexico [CB-2010/151767]
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A two-step catalytic process for the production of biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) at low cost, utilizing waste animal-bone as catalyst and solar radiation as heat source is reported in this work. In the first step, the free fatty acids (FFA) in WFO were esterified with methanol by a catalytic process using calcined waste animal-bone as catalyst, which remains active even after 10 esterification runs. The trans-esterification step was catalyzed by NaOH through thermal activation process. Produced biodiesel fulfills all the international requirements for its utilization as a fuel. A probable reaction mechanism for the esterification process is proposed considering the presence of hydroxyapatite at the surface of calcined animal bones.(c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd, All rights reserved.
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