Journal
UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 43, Issue 1, Pages 47-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.08.005
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Funding
- Bourse des Amis de la Faculte de Medecine de Nice
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The standard of care for detection and surveillance of bladder cancer consists of cytology and cystoscopy, but both examinations suffer from many limitations, including issues related to accuracy, invasiveness, and cost. Several noninvasive methods for detection and surveillance of bladder cancer have been developed and urine-based biomarkers seem the most promising. This nonsystematic review critically analyzes the commercially available biomarkers and highlights some upcoming investigational biomarkers. To date, none of these biomarkers has sufficient validation to serve as a reliable alternative to cystoscopy.
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