Utilization of underground space in Japan

This paper discusses the utilization of underground space in Japan. Firstly the classification of underground space is indicated and then the utilization of underground space under private lands and public lands is explained separately. Finally the characteristics of Japanese underground shopping malls and the future use of underground space is analyzed. Many people must contribute diverse ideas including measures for planning and using the space under public areas and private properties in an integrated manner, streamlining the relationships between occupying properties and systems for rationally managing above-ground and underground spaces. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.