Complex roles of NRAGE on tumor

NRAGE, also known as Dlxin-1or MAGE-D1, is a member of type II melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) and plays an essential role in life activities, including differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Studies increasingly found that NRAGE is closely related to the tumor events, such as tumor occurrence, invasion, and metastasis. However, complex and contradictory functions of NRAGE in different circumstances are observed, suggesting that NRAGE is unique from other MAGE gene family members. This review summarizes recent findings concerning the structure and biological functions of NRAGE, which may provide a basis for a more comprehensive understanding of and further research on NRAGE.