Molecular targets of gambogic acid in cancer: recent trends and advancements

Natural compounds have been known as biosafety agents for their significant clinical and biological activity against dreadful diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Gambogic acid (GA), a naturally occurring xanthone-based moiety, reported from Garcinia hanburyi tree, is known to perform numerous intracellular and extracellular actions, including programmed cell death, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, antiangiogenesis, antimetastatic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, GA-based synergistic approaches have been proven to enhance the healing strength of existing chemotherapeutic agents along with lesser side effects. The present review uncovers the bio-therapeutic potential of gambogic acid along with the possible mechanistic interactions of GA with its recognized cellular targets.