Journal
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 9, Pages 682-696Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.05.010
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Funding
- Australian Research Council
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council
- US National Institutes of Health [R01 Al109023, R01 Al124678]
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The worldwide use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) has contributed in recent years to a substantial reduction in deaths resulting from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Resistance to artemisinins, however, has emerged in Southeast Asia. Clinically, resistance is defined as a slower rate of parasite clearance in patients treated with an artemisinin derivative or an ACT. These slow clearance rates associate with enhanced survival rates of ring-stage parasites briefly exposed in vitro to dihydroartemisinin. We describe recent progress made in defining the molecular basis of artemisinin resistance, which has identified a primary role for the P. falciparum K13 protein. Using K13 mutations as molecular markers, epidemiological studies are now tracking the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance. Mechanistic studies suggest potential ways to overcome resistance.
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