Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 37, Issue 6, Pages 354-363Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.03.010
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) [R01AI087764]
- Cancer Research Institute 'Clinic and Laboratory Integration Program' (CLIP) award
- Siteman Cancer Center
- Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital
- Saint Louis University Presidential Graduate Fellowship
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Early experiments in mice predicted the success of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in cancer patients. However, these same animal studies failed to accurately predict many of the limitations and toxicities of treatment. One of the likely reasons for this discrepancy is the nearly universal use of young healthy mice, which stand in stark contrast to diverse patient populations varying in age, weight, diet, and hygiene. Because these variables impact immunity and metabolism, they also influence outcomes during immunotherapy and should be incorporated into the study design of preclinical experiments. Here, we discuss recent findings that highlight how efficacy and toxicity of cancer immunotherapy are affected by patient variation, and how distinct host environments can be better modeled in animal studies.
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