Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 37, Issue 3, Pages 181-192Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.01.006
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Funding
- Advanced European Research Council (E.R.C.) [232835]
- European Commission 7th Framework Program HEALTH [279017]
- Weizmann-Tanz collaboration for research in Alzheimer's disease
- European Research Council (ERC) [232835] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Recent findings have revealed distinct roles for type I and II interferons (IFN-I and IFN-gamma) in the recruitment of immune cells to the central nervous system (CNS) and highlighted the importance of this process for brain maintenance and protection/repair. Furthermore, manipulation of IFN-I and IFN-gamma pathways in pathological contexts has yielded conflicting results. We discuss these findings, focusing on two distinct conditions; relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and brain aging. Using these examples, we propose that regulation of immune cell entry to the CNS is a mechanism through which interaction between IFN-I and -II can affect brain function from its anatomical borders. Deviation from homeostatic IFN-I/-II balance may contribute to distinct brain pathologies, resulting from either insufficient immune surveillance of the CNS and loss of immune-dependent protection, or overwhelming leukocyte entry and immune-mediated destruction.
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