Probing the Complexities of Astrocyte Calcium Signaling

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells that tile the entire central nervous system and mediate well-established functions for neurons, blood vessels, and other glia. These ubiquitous cells display intracellular Ca2+ signals, which have been intensely studied for 25 years. Recently, the use of improved methods has unearthed the panoply of astrocyte Ca2+ signals and a variable landscape of basal Ca2+ levels. In vivo studies have started to reveal the settings under which astrocytes display behaviorally relevant Ca2+ signaling. Studies in mice have emphasized how astrocyte Ca2+ signaling is altered in distinct neurodegenerative diseases. Progress in the past few years, fueled by methodological advances, has thus reignited interest in astrocyte Ca2+ signaling for brain function and dysfunction.