Journal
TRANSPORTATION
Volume 44, Issue 4, Pages 731-752Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11116-015-9674-2
Keywords
Toll pricing; Road development; Discrete network design problem (DNDP); Bilevel programming; Relaxation algorithm
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [71361130016, 71422010, 71471167]
- National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB725401]
- EU Marie Curie IIF (MOPED) [300674]
- ESRC [ES/L011891/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The paper demonstrates a method to determine road network improvements that also involve the use of a road toll charge, taking the perspective of the government or authority. A general discrete network design problem with a road toll pricing scheme, to minimize the total travel time under a budget constraint, is proposed. This approach is taken in order to determine the appropriate level of road toll pricing whilst simultaneously addressing the need for capacity. The proposed approach is formulated as a bi-level programming problem. The optimal road capacity improvement and toll level scheme is investigated with respect to the available budget levels and toll revenues.
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