Journal
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 80, Issue -, Pages 167-176Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.07.018
Keywords
Electrochemical biosensing; Nanotechnology; Biomedical analysis; Cancer; Enzyme; Lab on a chip; Unprocessed and whole blood; Immunosensing
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Funding
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Nano Technology Center, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University
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Currently, the assay of whole blood has emerged as an important tool in modern biomedical research such as clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, and biodefense. Whole blood is a particularly complex mixture composed of various substances such as protein, glucose, inorganic salt, hormone, and biomarkers. Hence, considerable information can be obtained by investigating whole blood, for assessing the health status of the patient. Recently, significant advances have been made in electrochemical bio/immunosensing from whole blood using nanomaterials. This review describes the fabrication and chemical modification of surfaces of nanomaterials for bio/immunosensing applications in whole blood. We also present a comprehensive overview of current developments and key issues in the determination of some biological molecules, with an emphasis on evaluating the methods. We also discuss the incorporation of biorecognition elements into nanomaterial-based electrodes for immunosensing in unprocessed whole blood. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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