Differences in knee flexion between the Genium and C-Leg microprocessor knees while walking on level ground and ramps

Background: Microprocessor knees have improved the gait and functional abilities of persons with transfemoral amputation. The Genium prosthetic knee offers an advanced sensor and control system designed to decrease impairment by: allowing greater stance phase flexion, easing transitions between gait phases, and compensating for changes in terrain. The aim of this study was to determine differences between the knee flexion angle of persons using the Genium knee, the C-Leg knee, and non-amputee controls; and to evaluate the impact the prostheses on gait and level of impairment of the user. Methods: This study used a randomized experimental crossover of persons with transfemoral amputation using the Genium and C-Leg microprocessor knees (n = 25), with an observational sample of non-amputee controls (n = 5). Gait analysis by 3D motion tracking of subjects ambulating at different speeds on level ground and on 5 degrees and 10 degrees ramps was completed. Findings: Use of the Genium resulted in a significant increase in peak knee flexion for swing (5 degrees, p <0.01, d = 034) and stance (2 degrees, p <0.01, d = 0.19) phases relative to C-Leg use. There was a high degree of variability between subjects, and significant differences still remain between the Genium group and the control group's knee flexion angles for most speeds and slopes. Interpretation: The Genium knee generally increases flexion in swing and stance, potentially decreasing the level of impairment for persons with transfemoral amputation. This study demonstrates functional differences between the C-Leg and Genium knees to help prosthetists determine if the Genium will provide functional benefits to individual patients. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,