Journal
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
Volume 32, Issue -, Pages 166-180Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.010
Keywords
Autophagy; Yessotoxin; LC3-II; Atg proteins; Lamellar bodies; Autophagosomes; BC3H1 cells
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Funding
- Olav Raagholt og Gerd Meidel Raagholts Legacy
- Astri og Birger Torsteds Legacy
- Giske og Peter Jacob Sorensen Research Foundation
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The marine toxin yessotoxin (YTX) can induce programmed cell death through both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways in various cellular systems. It appears to stimulate different forms of cellular stress causing instability among cell death mechanisms and making them overlap and cross-talk. Autophagy is one of the key pathways that can be stimulated by multiple forms of cellular stress which may determine cell survival or death. The present work evaluates a plausible link between ribotoxic stress and autophagic activity in BC3H1 cells treated with YTX. Such treatment produces massive cytoplasmic compartments as well as double membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes which are typically observed in cells undergoing autophagy. The observed autophagosomes contain a large amount of ribosomes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Western blotting analysis of Atg proteins and detection of the autophagic markers LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence verified autophagic activity during YTX-treatment. The present work supports the idea that autophagic activity upon YTX exposure may represent a response to ribotoxic stress. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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