Journal
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
Volume 36, Issue -, Pages 53-65Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.004
Keywords
Metals; Cytokines; Epithelial lung cells; Oxidative stress; MAPK; NF-kappa B
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Funding
- Research Council of Norway [185620]
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Different transition metals have been shown to induce inflammatory responses in lung. We have compared eight different metal ions with regard to cytokine responses, cytotoxicity and signalling mechanisms in a human lung epithelial cell model (BEAS-2B). Among the metal ions tested, there were large differences with respect to pit inflammatory potential. Exposure to Cd2+, Zn2+ and As3+ induced CXCL8 and IL-6 release at concentrations below 100 mu M, and Mn2+ and Ni2+ at concentrations above 200 mu M. In contrast, VO43-, Cu2+ and Fe2+ did not induce any significant increase of these cytoldnes. An expression array of 20 inflammatory relevant genes also showed a marked up-regulation of CXCL10, IL-10, IL-13 and CSF2 by one or more of the metal ions. The most potent metals, Cd2+, Zn2+ and As3+ induced highest levels of oxidative activity, and ROS appeared to be central in their CXCL8 and IL-6 responses. Activation of the MAPK p38 seemed to be a critical mediator. However, the NF-kappa B pathway appeared predominately to be involved only in Zn2+- and As3+-induced CXCL8 and IL-6 responses. Thus, the most potent metals Cd2+, Zn2+ and As3+ seemed to induce a similar pattern for the cytokine responses, and with some exceptions, via similar signalling mechanisms. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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