Journal
TALANTA
Volume 158, Issue -, Pages 330-341Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.061
Keywords
LC-LC analysis; Metabolites; Transformation products; Environmental waters
Categories
Funding
- Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group: Catalan Institute for water Research) [2014 SGR 291]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through SCARCE project [2010 CSD2009-00065]
- European Union through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- Beatriu de Pinos program [2014 BP-A 00245]
- Ramon y Cajal program [RYC-2014-16707]
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A novel, fully automated analytical methodology based on dual column liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-LC-MS2) has been developed and validated for the analysis of 12 pharmaceuticals and 20 metabolites and transformation products in different types of water (influent and effluent wastewaters and surface water). Two LC columns were used - one for pre-concentration of the sample and the second for separation and analysis - so that water samples were injected directly in the chromatographic system. Besides the many advantages of the methodology, such as minimization of the sample volume required and its manipulation, both compounds ionized in positive and negative mode could be analyzed simultaneously without compromising the sensitivity. A comparative study of different mobile phases, gradients and LC pre-concentration columns was carried out to obtain the best analytical performance. Limits of detection (MLODs) achieved were in the low ng L-1 range for all the compounds. The method was successfully applied to study the presence of the target analytes in different wastewater and surface water samples collected near the city of Girona (Catalonia, Spain). Data on the environmental presence and fate of pharmaceutical metabolites and TPs is still scarce, highlighting the relevance of the developed methodology. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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