Journal
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 539-554Publisher
SPRINGER JAPAN KK
DOI: 10.1007/s11625-016-0372-6
Keywords
Population change; Delta vulnerability; Mekong delta; Amazon delta; Ganges-Brahmaputra delta
Funding
- Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation Programme (ESPA) [NE/J002755/1]
- United States National Science Foundation [1342898]
- Department for International Development, Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J002755/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/J002755/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1209402] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Earth Sciences [1242458] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- ICER [1342944] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- ICER [1342898, 1343458] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Earth Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1737872] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Tropical delta regions are at risk of multiple threats including relative sea level rise and human alterations, making them more and more vulnerable to extreme floods, storms, surges, salinity intrusion, and other hazards which could also increase in magnitude and frequency with a changing climate. Given the environmental vulnerability of tropical deltas, understanding the interlinkages between population dynamics and environmental change in these regions is crucial for ensuring efficient policy planning and progress toward social and ecological sustainability. Here, we provide an overview of population trends and dynamics in the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Mekong and Amazon deltas. Using multiple data sources, including census data and Demographic and Health Surveys, a discussion regarding the components of population change is undertaken in the context of environmental factors affecting the demographic landscape of the three delta regions. We find that the demographic trends in all cases are broadly reflective of national trends, although important differences exist within and across the study areas. Moreover, all three delta regions have been experiencing shifts in population structures resulting in aging populations, the latter being most rapid in the Mekong delta. The environmental impacts on the different components of population change are important, and more extensive research is required to effectively quantify the underlying relationships. The paper concludes by discussing selected policy implications in the context of sustainable development of delta regions and beyond.
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