Evidence based management of polyps of the gall bladder: A systematic review of the risk factors of malignancy

Background: There are no evidence-based guidelines to dictate when Gallbladder Polyps (GBPs) of varying sizes should be resected. Aim: To identify factors that accurately predict malignant disease in GBP; to provide an evidence-based algorithm for management. Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was performed using terms gallbladder polyps AND polypoid lesion of gallbladder, from January 1993 and September 2013. Inclusion criteria required histopathological report or follow-up of 2 years. RTI-IB tool was used for quality analysis. Correlation with GBP size and malignant potential was analysed using Euclidean distance; a logistics mixed effects model was used. for assessing independent risk factors for malignancy. Results: Fifty-three articles were included in review. Data from 21 studies was pooled for analysis. Optimum size cut-off for resection of GBPs was 10 mm. Probability of malignancy is approximately zero at size <4.15 mm. Patient age >50 years, sessile and single polyps were independent risk factors for malignancy. For polyps sized 4 mm-10 mm, a risk assessment model was formulated. Conclusions: This review and analysis has provided an evidence-based algorithm for the management of GBPs. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the behaviour of polyps <10 mm, that are not at a high risk of malignancy, but may change over time. (C) 2016 Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (Scottish charity number SC005317) and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.