Journal
SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS
Volume 71, Issue 3, Pages 473-546Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfrep.2016.06.001
Keywords
Titania; Titanates; Oxidesurfaces; Semiconductors; Metalnanoparticles; Fermienergy
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Funding
- NKFIH [OTKA K112531, NN 110676]
- Academy of Finland
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Titanates are salts of polytitanic acid that can be synthesized as nanostructures in a great variety concerning crystallinity, morphology, size, metal content and surface chemistry. Titanate nanotubes (open-ended hollow cylinders measuring up to 200 nm in length and 15 nm in outer diameter) and nanowires (solid, elongated rectangular blocks with length up to 1500 nm and 30-60 nm diameter) are the most widespread representatives of the titanate nanomaterial family. This review covers the properties and applications of these two materials from the surface science point of view. Dielectric, vibrational, electron and X-ray spectroscopic results are comprehensively discussed first, then surface modification methods including covalent functionalization, ion exchange and metal loading are covered. The versatile surface chemistry of one-dimensional titanates renders them excellent candidates for heterogeneous catalytic, photocatalytic, photovoltaic and energy storage applications, therefore, these fields are also reviewed
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