Association of hemoglobin levels with blood pressure and hypertension in a large population-based study: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008-2011

Background: We investigated the association of hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in the full range of Hb concentrations, after adjusting for other hypertension risk factors. Methods: The study population consisted of a total of 20,076 subjects (8721 men, 11,355 women) aged >= 20 y who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted between 2008 and 2011. Results: The systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) increased by 2.6 mmHg and 3.2 mmHg with 1 mmol/l increase in the Hb concentration, respectively, after adjusting for age, body mass index, total cholesterol, alcohol drinking, current smoking, mild renal dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus both in men with Hb concentrations of >= 8.1 mmol/l (13.0 g/dl) and women with a hemoglobin concentration >= 6.8 mmol/l (11.0 g/dl). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the Hb concentration showed significant positive association with hypertension independently of other confounding factors both in men and women. Conclusions: Hb concentration was positively associated with SBP and DBP in men with Hb concentrations >= 8.1 mmol/l (13.0 g/dl) and women with Hb concentrations >= 6.8 mmol/l (11.0 g/dl) in the general Korean population. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.