Structural analysis and optimization of tall buildings connected with skybridges and atria

Multi-level skybridges and atria between tall buildings make possible a new urban paradigm that has the potential to dramatically reduce resource consumption, air pollution, and traffic accidents. Structural analysis and optimization methods and results are presented for tall buildings connected with roller or hinge-skybridges at multiple levels and atria between buildings. Generic building systems were studied with controlled factors such as number of buildings, equal-height vs. variable-height, skybridge connection type, site seismicity and wind intensity, and presence/absence of skybridges and atria. The 48 optimization problems held all other factors constant such as building width, shape, configuration, and spacing. A simplified lateral load analysis model is described which makes optimization of large systems possible. The simplified lateral load analysis model was compared to a finite element model for accuracy. An optimization strategy was developed involving gradient and evolutionary algorithms. Results show that atria and hinge-connected skybridges reduced the total structural volume by as much as 10 %.