Super El Ninos in response to global warming in a climate model

Extraordinarily strong El Nio events, such as those of 1982/1983 and 1997/1998, cause havoc with weather around the world, adversely influence terrestrial and marine ecosystems in a number of regions and have major socio-economic impacts. Here we show by means of climate model integrations that El Nio events may be boosted by global warming. An important factor causing El Nio intensification is warming of the western Pacific warm pool, which strongly enhances surface zonal wind sensitivity to eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. This in conjunction with larger and more zonally asymmetric equatorial Pacific upper ocean heat content supports stronger and longer lasting El Nios. The most intense events, termed Super El Nios, drive extraordinary global teleconnections which are associated with exceptional surface air temperature and rainfall anomalies over many land areas.