Assessment of the Krakow inhabitants' health risk caused by the exposure to inhalation of outdoor air contaminants

Health risk associated with the exposure to the polluted atmospheric air inhalation was estimated for the residents of Krakw, Poland. The air pollution concentration data were obtained from the air-quality monitoring system of the city in 2007-2016. The carcinogenic risk of the studied subpopulations was not acceptable under the formula of C6H6 > BaP > As(PM10) > Cd(PM10) > Pb(PM10) > Ni(PM10). The total carcinogenic risk (Rt) amounted to 3.04E-04 for children, 2.22E-04 for infants, 1.45E-04 for women, and 1.22E-04 for men. The same risk was calculated for the top three locations of the monitoring stations in this respect, within the city of Krakw: Kurdwanw Housing Estate, Nowa Huta district, and KrasiAskiego Av. Non-carcinogenic risk in the case of all six monitoring stations and in respect of all the studied subpopulations, resulting from the exposure to PM10 and for NO2 for all stations in case of children and infants, as well as, for adults at KrasiAskiego Av. and Dietla Str. stations was rated medium. For C6H6 in the case of adults, children, and infants the risk was rated low. The total risk (HI) of non-carcinogenic pollution was rated medium and ranged as follows: 6.53 for children, 4.70 for infants, 3.19 for women, and 2.67 for men. That type of risk was decreasing at the station locations as follows: KrasiAskiego Av. > Dietla Str. > Nowa Huta district > Kurdwanw Housing Estate > Zoty Rg Str. > Piastw Housing Estate.