Journal
SPINAL CORD
Volume 55, Issue 2, Pages 114-125Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.174
Keywords
-
Categories
Funding
- Midlands Centre for Spinal Injuries
- Institute of Orthopaedics, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Study design: Review study. Objectives: The identification of prognostic biomarkers of spinal cord injury (SCI) will help to assign SCI patients to the correct treatment and rehabilitation regimes. Further, the detection of biomarkers that predict permanent neurological outcome would aid in appropriate recruitment of patients into clinical trials. The objective of this review is to evaluate the current state-of-play in this developing field. Setting: Studies from multiple countries were included. Methods: We have completed a comprehensive review of studies that have investigated prognostic biomarkers in either the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of animals and humans following SCI. Results: Targeted and unbiased approaches have identified several prognostic biomarkers in CSF and blood. These proteins associate with cellular damage following SCI and include components from neurons, oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes, that is, neurofilament proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, Tau and S100 calcium-binding protein beta. Unbiased approaches have also identified microRNAs that are specific to SCI, as well as other cell damage-associated proteins. Conclusions: The discovery and validation of stable, specific, sensitive and reproducible biomarkers of SCI is a rapidly expanding field of research. So far, few studies have utilised unbiased approaches aimed at the discovery of biomarkers within the CSF or blood in this field; however, some targeted approaches have been successfully used. Several studies using various animal models and some with small human patient cohorts have begun to pinpoint biomarkers in the CSF and blood with putative prognostic value. An increased sample size will be required to validate these biomarkers in the heterogeneous clinical setting.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available