Remediation Techniques for Heavy-Metals Contamination in Lakes: A Mini-Review

Heavy-metals contamination in lakes has a negative impact on lake ecosystems. This review provides an insight into possible heavy-metals remediation techniques for lake environments using different techniques, for example, physical, chemical, and biological methods. As a result of the non-uniform and complex nature of lakes, the selection of the most suitable the heavy-metals removal technique is a difficult task. Among these processes, biological processes are efficient to remove heavy metals and convert them into simpler forms. Biological remediation techniques are the most suitable for lakes with low levels of contamination and include processing by bioadsorbents such as plants, algae, fungi, and micro-organisms. Physical and chemical remediation of heavy metals are expensive but show fast results. The combination of all remediation techniques increases the efficiency of the removal of heavy metals and improves overall lake performance. The development of remediation techniques is necessary for lakes in future.