Journal
SOLAR PHYSICS
Volume 291, Issue 9-10, Pages 2653-2684Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11207-015-0815-8
Keywords
Solar Cycle; Reconstruction; Sunspot Group Number
Categories
Funding
- NASA
- ONR
- NSF
- Mt. Wilson Institute
- Stanford University
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We have reconstructed the sunspot-group count, not by comparisons with other reconstructions and correcting those where they were deemed to be deficient, but by a reassessment of original sources. The resulting series is a pure solar index and does not rely on input from other proxies, e.g. radionuclides, auroral sightings, or geomagnetic records. Backboning the data sets, our chosen method, provides substance and rigidity by using long-time observers as a stiffness character. Solar activity, as defined by the Group Number, appears to reach and sustain for extended intervals of time the same level in each of the last three centuries since 1700 and the past several decades do not seem to have been exceptionally active, contrary to what is often claimed.
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