Recovery of inter-row shading losses using differential power-processing submodule DC-DC converters

Large commercial photovoltaic (PV) systems can experience regular and predictable energy loss due to both inter-row shading and reduced diffuse irradiance in tightly spaced arrays. This paper investigates the advantages of replacing bypass diodes with submodule-integrated DC-DC converters (subMICs) to mitigate these losses. Yearly simulations of commercial-scale PV systems were conducted considering a range of row-to-row pitches. In the limit case of array spacing (unity ground coverage), subMICs can confer a 7% increase in annual energy output and peak energy density (kW h/m(2)). Simulation results are based on efficiency assumptions experimentally confirmed by prototype submodule differential power-processing converters. Published by Elsevier Ltd.