Journal
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
Volume 32, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0264-9381/32/4/045003
Keywords
Planck; primordial gravitational-wave density; cosmic string
Categories
Funding
- NSF [PHY-1204371]
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1204371] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The production of a primordial stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background by processes occuring in the early Universe is expected in a broad range of models. Observing this background would open a unique window onto the Universe's evolutionary history. Probes like the cosmic microwave background (CMB) or the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) can be used to set upper limits on the stochastic GW background energy density OGW for frequencies above 10(-15) Hz. We perform a profile likelihood analysis of the Planck CMB temperature anisotropies and gravitational lensing data combined with WMAP low-l polarization, BAO, South Pole Telescope and Atacama Cosmology Telescope data. We find that Omega(GW)h(0)(2) < 3.8 x 10(-6) at a 95% confidence level for adiabatic initial conditions, which improves over the previous limit by a factor 2.3. Assuming that the primordial GW has been produced by a network of cosmic strings, we have derived exclusion limits in the cosmic string parameter space. If the size of the loops is determined by gravitational back-reaction, string tension values greater than similar to 4 x 10(-9) are excluded for a reconnection probability of 10(-3).
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