Journal
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
Volume 236, Issue -, Pages 1044-1053Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.05.089
Keywords
Chemical sensors; Calibration transfer; MOX sensors; Electronic nose; Direct Standardization; Public dataset
Funding
- Spanish MINECO program (SIGVOL) [TEC2014-59229-R]
- Spanish MINECO program (SENSIBLE) [PCIN-2013-195]
- European Community's ENIAC Joint undertaking program (SAFE-SENS) [621272]
- People Programme of the Marie Curie Actions and the Agency for Business Competitiveness of the Government of Catalonia, ACCIO [TECSPR151-1-0031]
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Inherent variability of chemical sensors makes it necessary to calibrate chemical detection systems individually. This shortcoming has traditionally limited usability of systems based on metal oxide gas sensor arrays and prevented mass-production for some applications. Here, aiming at exploring calibration transfer between chemical sensor arrays, we exposed five twin 8-sensor detection units to different concentration levels of ethanol, ethylene, carbon monoxide, or methane. First, we built calibration models using data acquired with a master unit. Second, to explore the transferability of the calibration models, we used Direct Standardization to map the signals of a slave unit to the space of the master unit in calibration. In particular, we evaluated the transferability of the calibration models to other detection units, and within the same unit measuring days apart. Our results show that signals acquired with one unit can be successfully mapped to the space of a reference unit. Hence, calibration models trained with a master unit can be extended to slave units using a reduced number of transfer samples, diminishing thereby calibration costs. Similarly, signals of a sensing unit can be transformed to match sensor behavior in the past to mitigate drift effects. Therefore, the proposed methodology can reduce calibration costs in mass-production and delay recalibrations due to sensor aging. Acquired dataset is made publicly available.
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