Recent trends of ceramic humidity sensors development: A review

We have reviewed the humidity sensors based on ceramic materials. We first discuss the operating principle of ceramic humidity sensors. This is followed by a section on the relationship between the conduction mechanism and microstructure characteristics of the sensing elements of ceramic humidity sensors. This part of the review is also focused on the methods for optimization of the microstructure of ceramic porous elements. The next section summarizes the information on the materials used for the ceramic humidity sensors fabrication and effect of dopants or hybrid compositions on the sensing ceramic-based materials. Then we analyze state-of-the-art techniques for producing ceramic sensors. The key research and technological challenges in the field are discussed at the end of the review. The review is based on 424 references published during from 1998-2013. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.